Pet care

The oral health of our pets, dogs and cats alike, is a key part of their overall health and wellbeing. Unfortunately, many pet owners neglect this important aspect of care. Ignoring dental hygiene leads to serious health problems that can affect the quality of life of our four-legged friends.

What should dental care for dogs and cats look like?

• Brushing the teeth

Regular brushing helps prevent the build-up of tartar and reduces the risk of gum disease. This helps avoid more serious health problems that can lead to pain, difficulty eating and even diseases of the internal organs, since bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream.

How often should you brush?

It is recommended to brush your dog’s or cat’s teeth at least 2–3 times a week, and ideally every day. Consistency is key, because removing plaque daily reduces the risk of it hardening and turning into tartar.

What should you brush with?

To brush an animal’s teeth, use special pet toothbrushes designed for the size of a dog’s or cat’s mouth. For small animals, finger brushes are a convenient, easy-to-use option. It is important not to use human toothpaste, as it contains ingredients that can be harmful to animals. Instead, use toothpaste made specifically for dogs and cats, which comes in a range of flavours, making it easier to win your pet over to this part of their routine.

How to get your pet used to brushing

Tooth brushing should be introduced gradually. Start by getting your animal comfortable with the idea: gently touch their muzzle and let them taste the toothpaste, so they can get used to the new routine.

• Toys and chews that support oral hygiene

Toys and chews are an excellent way to support the oral health of our dogs and cats. They are not only a source of fun, but also help to mechanically remove plaque and tartar, which is essential for good oral hygiene. The pleasure animals get from chewing satisfies their natural instincts while helping to clean their teeth at the same time. 

How often?

Many vets recommend offering chews at least 2–3 times a week to effectively support teeth cleaning. Regular chewing helps animals mechanically remove food debris and bacteria from the surface of the teeth and gums. It is important to choose toys and chews suited to the size and jaw strength of your animal, to avoid damage to either the teeth or the chew itself.

When are chews safe to use?

There is a wide variety of chews on the market, including ones made of rubber, elastomers and natural materials such as wood or leather. Chews of different hardness are designed for different stages of an animal’s life. For puppies and kittens who are losing their milk teeth, soft chews are ideal, as they help ease the discomfort of teething. For adult dogs and cats, more durable chews are recommended, as they effectively support oral health.

• Dental treats and dental diets

Dental treats and dental diets are an excellent tool for supporting our pets’ oral health. They are specially designed to help reduce plaque and tartar and to freshen breath. Well-chosen treats have a texture and ingredients that support the mechanical cleaning of the teeth as they are chewed. Many of them also contain active substances that can support the health of the gums and teeth, such as ingredients that help prevent tartar from forming.

How often?

Dental treats are recommended as a supplement to the daily oral hygiene routine. It is worth giving them 2–3 times a week, although many owners choose to give them every day, which provides extra support for dental health. Remember to choose products appropriate to your animal’s age, weight and size. There is a wide range of treats available that can be matched to your pet’s taste preferences, from beef and salmon to vegetables.

How to introduce a dental diet

It is important to introduce dental treats and diets gradually, so your pet can get used to the new flavours and textures. Regularly including such products in your animal’s diet not only improves oral hygiene, but also serves as a reward and encouragement, which can strengthen the relationship between owner and pet. Bear in mind, however, that treats are only a supplement to oral care and do not replace regular tooth brushing and visits to the vet.

Dental check-ups: the key to oral health in dogs and cats

The most important element of preventive oral care for dogs and cats is regular dental check-ups. Visits to a vet who specialises in veterinary dentistry allow dental problems to be detected early and treated effectively. During these consultations, the vet carries out a thorough examination of the mouth, paying attention to the condition of the teeth, gums and surrounding tissues.

During a dental check-up, the vet assesses the presence of plaque and tartar, which can lead to gingivitis and periodontal disease. They also check for pathological changes such as tooth defects, abscesses and other abnormalities. In addition, the vet looks for signs of pain, such as reluctance to eat, excessive drooling or difficulty chewing.

If problems are found, the vet may recommend professional teeth cleaning, known as scaling, which removes hardened deposits and keeps the gums healthy. This cleaning can be carried out under anaesthesia, allowing the procedure to be performed precisely and without pain for the animal. The vet can also advise on preventive measures for daily care, including proper brushing techniques, dental treats and toys that support oral hygiene.

Why does oral hygiene matter?

Oral health problems bring not only bad breath, but also pain, difficulty eating and even more serious conditions affecting the heart, liver or kidneys. Regular oral care can significantly reduce the risk of these problems.

Early warning signs to watch for

The first signal to watch for is bad breath (halitosis). A dog’s or cat’s natural breath should not be strongly noticeable, and a sudden worsening points to possible problems such as plaque build-up or gum inflammation. Another sign is a change in appetite: if your animal avoids hard food, it may mean they feel pain when chewing or biting. Owners should also look out for general irritation around the mouth, such as excessive pawing at the face, biting the lips or even avoiding contact with family members.

Gums that are red, swollen or bleeding are a key indicator of health problems. In advanced cases of oral disease, owners may notice teeth falling out or changing in appearance, which is a signal for immediate action. Excessive drooling and visibly shifting teeth may also point to dental problems.

Summary

The oral health of our four-legged companions is just as important as every other aspect of their health. Regular care and check-ups at the vet can prevent many health problems. Remember that a healthy smile means a happy pet, and prevention is always better than cure, which is why patients at the Zviropolis Veterinary Clinic can count on professional dental care. So let us make looking after teeth and gums part of the daily routine, so that our animals can enjoy good health for many years to come.

Caring for senior pets is a challenge that calls for an understanding of their emotional needs as well as their health needs. As animals age, their bodies go through a series of changes that can affect their quality of life.

Understanding the changes in the body

Ageing in pets, just as in people, brings many physical and behavioural changes. Over the years, the joints degenerate, which can lead to pain, stiffness and difficulty moving around. Problems with sight or hearing are also common and can cause confusion and anxiety.

An increased risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer also presents owners with additional challenges. Owners should be aware of these changes and consult their vet regularly to keep track of their pet’s health.

How to look after your pet in their senior years

• Diet for older animals

Diet plays an extremely important role in keeping senior animals healthy and comfortable. With age, their metabolism changes, which affects both their calorie needs and the kind of nutrients they require. Above all, the diet should be rich in high-quality protein to help maintain muscle mass, since animals can lose muscle tissue as they get older. Choose foods that contain animal protein sources such as chicken, turkey, fish or lamb.

At the same time, it is advisable to limit the amount of fat in the diet, as older animals tend to put on weight, which can lead to joint problems and cardiovascular disease. It is also worth adding omega-3 fatty acids, which support joint health and improve the condition of the coat. A high fibre content matters too, as it helps keep the digestive system working properly and minimises the risk of constipation, which older animals can be prone to. 

Senior animals can also benefit from a diet enriched with vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin E, B vitamins and minerals like calcium and phosphorus, which support bone health and the nervous system. Hydration is important as well: older animals are more prone to dehydration, so access to fresh, clean water is essential.

• Keeping senior pets in good physical shape

As they age, many animals experience a drop in energy and mobility, which can lead to muscle weakness, obesity and joint problems. That is why it is important for owners to provide regular exercise suited to their pet’s abilities, to help them stay in good condition.

Activity not only supports cardiovascular health, but also helps keep the joints flexible and maintain a healthy body weight. While intense workouts may not be advisable for older animals, short walks, games in the garden and gentle exercise can be enough to keep their bodies active. Walks at a moderate pace are ideal, allowing animals to enjoy their surroundings without putting too much strain on their bodies.

It is also worth varying the activities so they stay interesting for your pet. You can use toys that require interaction, or take different walking routes. For dogs, age-appropriate sports such as agility (with obstacles) or nose work (scent searching) are particularly helpful, as they stimulate the mind as well. 

• Adapting the home for senior pets

The first step in adapting your space is to make sure the bed and resting spots are easy to reach. It is worth investing in a well-padded bed placed in a quiet, peaceful spot, away from noise and the bustle of the household. A suitable bed should be low, so that older animals can get in easily, and should support their joints to reduce discomfort while lying down.

Another important change is removing obstacles that could pose a safety risk. Taking away rugs that can cause slips, along with any other unnecessary items in the walkways, will help your pet move freely around the home. In addition, if your animal struggles with stairs, consider installing ramps or steps to make it easier for them to reach their favourite spots, such as the sofa or the bed.

As for extra conveniences, consider putting platforms in the places where your pet spends a lot of time, such as by windows or armchairs. This will let them watch the world safely. Making water easier to reach, for instance by placing the bowl at a suitable height, will also make drinking easier, especially if the animal has trouble moving around.

• Looking after the emotional wellbeing of senior pets

As they age, animals may experience various changes in behaviour and mood, which can lead to stress, anxiety or depression. This is often the result of losing close companions (other animals or people), a change of surroundings, or physical limitations that affect their ability to interact with the world around them. To support their emotional wellbeing, create a stable, safe environment. A predictable, consistent daily routine will help your pet feel more secure. Plenty of interaction with the owner and other close people can greatly improve their mood. Time spent actively together, whether playing, cuddling or going for walks, strengthens the bond and has a positive effect on their emotional health.

Do not ignore signs that may point to stress or anxiety, such as a change in appetite, excessive vocalisation or hiding away. In such cases, it is worth consulting your vet, who can recommend a suitable approach, including relaxation techniques such as massage or aromatherapy, which may help reduce anxiety. 

Regular vet visits for older animals

As animals grow older, they become more susceptible to a range of ailments and chronic diseases, such as heart disease, digestive problems, diabetes and cancer. Regular check-ups make it possible to detect potential health problems early, which significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and a better quality of life.

Typically, senior animals should be taken to the vet at least every six months. During these visits, the veterinarian can carry out a comprehensive examination, including blood tests to assess organ function, metabolism and the animal’s overall health. Diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound or X-rays may also be recommended if a condition is suspected.

It is also worth talking to your vet about the best diet and exercise plan, especially if your animal has particular health issues. The specialist may recommend changes to the diet, adding supplements or adjusting the amount of exercise, all of which will help you look after your pet’s health more effectively.

Summary

Caring for senior pets is a considerable challenge that requires special attention, empathy and commitment from their owners. The changes that ageing brings to our pets’ bodies can affect their physical and mental health as well as their overall quality of life. Key elements such as a suitable diet, regular exercise, a comfortable environment and vet visits play a fundamental role in giving older animals a happy and healthy life.

We encourage every pet owner to pay extra attention to their furry companions, especially as they enter their golden years. Let us remember that seniors, just like people, deserve special care and support.

A visit to the vet is a key part of looking after the health of our four-legged friends. Whether it is a routine check-up, a vaccination or an urgent consultation, proper preparation, of both the pet and the owner, plays an important role in keeping the visit comfortable and safe. A well-conducted consultation not only provides valuable information about your animal’s health, but also builds positive experiences that help reduce stress at future appointments.

What to bring to the vet

1. Your pet’s medical history: Make sure you have an up-to-date record of your pet’s health. It should include details of previous vaccinations, past illnesses, operations and allergies. This will give the vet a clear picture of your animal’s health.
2. Vaccination records and documents: If you have paper or electronic vaccination records (such as a pet health booklet or passport), bring them along. This matters especially for visits linked to legal requirements, such as moving to a new area or travelling with your pet.
3. Medication: If your animal is taking any medication, be sure to bring it with you. It is also worth packing the original packaging with the labels, so the vet can check the dosage and ingredients. If you have them, bring any recent test results too, as they may help with diagnosis.
4. Collar and lead: For dogs, remember a sturdy lead and collar to keep them safe during the visit. For cats, bring a carrier so your pet can travel to the clinic in comfort.
5. Food and treats: An excellent idea, particularly for animals that may feel anxious. Bring their favourite treats: they will not only make the wait more pleasant, but can also be used during the examination as rewards for good behaviour.
6. A toy or blanket: Familiar items can help an animal feel more secure. A toy or blanket that carries a familiar scent can reduce stress and improve your pet’s mood during the visit.

How to prepare your pet for a vet visit

To make the vet visit as comfortable as possible for your pet, it is worth taking a few preparatory steps. First of all, a few days before the appointment, introduce your animal to the carrier or lead you will be using for the journey. Let them explore these items to minimise any stress their presence might cause. You can also get your pet used to going into the carrier by rewarding them with treats, which helps build positive associations. 

On the day of the visit, it is important to stay calm, because an owner’s emotions easily rub off on the animal. Try not to show any nervousness; instead, speak to your pet in a gentle tone to help them feel safe. A short walk before the appointment can help burn off excess energy, making it easier for them to settle in the carrier or the waiting room. Try to keep the day of the visit as normal as possible for your pet, and avoid anything that might make them associate it with something negative, as that could affect how they feel and behave at the clinic. These simple steps will prepare your pet for the visit and make both the journey and the examination itself much more comfortable.

How to behave during the vet visit

During the visit, it is essential that the owner stays calm and confident, as this helps keep the animal in a settled emotional state. Try to speak to your pet in a soft, soothing voice, praising them for every positive interaction with the vet. While waiting, avoid fidgeting and nervous behaviour; instead, focus on your pet to help lower their stress. If possible, keep them close to you so they feel safe. Once the vet begins the examination, take an active part: ask questions if anything is unclear and pass on any relevant information about your pet’s behaviour and symptoms. Remember not to press down on your pet or hold them too tightly; a gentle hold is better, as it avoids adding to their stress. After the examination, you can reward your animal with a treat or a short play session, which creates positive associations with the visit. Your calm, positive attitude can make a real difference to how your pet feels, making the trip to the vet less stressful for everyone involved.

Keeping an eye on your pet after the visit

Watching your pet after a vet visit is extremely important to make sure they are feeling well and that no worrying symptoms appear. Once you are home, give your animal time to rest, as they may be tired after a stressful trip. Pay attention to their behaviour; keep an eye on their energy levels, appetite and general mood. If your pet is sluggish, refuses food or drinks water in an unusual way, this may be a sign that they need extra attention or treatment.

Also look out for physical signs, such as:

• Coat: Check that the fur is not dull or unpleasant to the touch.
• After procedures: If the vet carried out a procedure or took a blood sample, watch the area around the wound (if there is one) for swelling, redness or discharge.
• Breathing: Make sure breathing is even and calm. Rapid breathing or coughing may require an immediate consultation.
• Bowel movements: Check the stools to make sure they are healthy (normal consistency and colour). Changes in how often your pet goes may be a sign of problems.
• Behaviour: Notice how your pet interacts with you and other members of the household. If they suddenly become withdrawn, aggressive or fearful, it may indicate discomfort or pain.