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Parasitic diseases in rabbits: the commonest threats and how to prevent them
Coccidiosis, encephalitozoonosis, ear mange and cheyletiellosis are the parasitic diseases pet rabbits meet most often, and they can go unnoticed for a long time. We explain how they are diagnosed in the laboratory, how they are treated, and which hygiene, quarantine and feeding rules keep infection at bay.
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How to protect your dog’s paws in winter
Frost, ice and road salt leave a dog's pads irritated, cracked and sometimes frostbitten every winter. We explain how to pick a route and a protective wax before the walk, how to rinse and dry the paws properly once you are home, and which signs mean it is time to call the veterinary clinic.
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Horner’s syndrome in dogs and cats: signs, causes, diagnosis and treatment
A drooping eyelid, a smaller pupil and a visible third eyelid on one side add up to Horner's syndrome. It is not painful in itself and does not harm sight, but it often signals another, more serious condition underneath. We explain the causes, the diagnostic steps, the pharmacological tests and the treatment options.
Candidiasis in cats – symptoms, types, diagnosis and treatment
Candidiasis in cats is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeasts of the Candida genus, most often Candida albicans. It can occur in cats, particularly those with a weakened immune system or other underlying health problems. The condition may affect various parts of the body, including the skin, the ears, the digestive tract and the internal organs. Recognising and treating candidiasis is essential to a cat’s health and wellbeing.
Symptoms of candidiasis
The symptoms of candidiasis in cats vary and depend on where the infection has taken hold. With skin candidiasis, cats may suffer from itching, redness and flaking skin, along with rashes or scabs. When the ears are affected, the animal shows signs of discomfort such as scratching at the ears, shaking its head vigorously and producing discharge from the ear canals. Infections of the digestive tract can cause vomiting, diarrhoea and poor absorption of nutrients.
Cats with more severe candidal infections may become weak and apathetic and lose their appetite. When candidiasis reaches the internal organs it can have serious consequences, including organ damage or sepsis, and calls for prompt veterinary attention.
Types of candidiasis
Candidiasis in cats takes different forms depending on where the infection is located. The most commonly distinguished are:
Causes of candidiasis
Fungal infections in cats have a range of causes and often stem from a malfunctioning immune system, which allows fungi – Candida species in particular – to grow unchecked. Immunity can be weakened by all sorts of factors, including chronic illnesses (diabetes or kidney disease, for example), stress, an unsuitable diet or hormonal disorders. Another cause is the use of antibiotics, which upset the balance of the bacterial microflora and thereby give fungi room to develop. Infection through contact is also common, since yeasts are naturally present in the environment and on the skin of healthy cats; they simply colonise weakened or diseased tissue with ease. Ear infections may arise where wax and moisture build up, while in the digestive tract they are linked to a disturbed microbial balance in the gut.
Diagnosing candidiasis
Diagnosis of candidiasis in cats begins with a detailed clinical examination and a history taken by the veterinarian. The vet will assess the symptoms, any skin changes and the cat’s general condition. To confirm the diagnosis, further tests may be ordered, such as:
Thorough diagnostics are essential in order to rule out other diseases and draw up an effective treatment plan.
Treatment options
Treating candidiasis in cats means using suitable antifungal medicines that effectively clear the excess yeasts from the body. For milder skin infections, topical products such as shampoos or ointments with antifungal ingredients may be enough. For more severe infections involving the internal organs or the digestive tract, the veterinarian will usually prescribe oral antifungals such as ketoconazole, itraconazole or fluconazole, which act systemically and can clear the infection from within.
Supporting the cat’s immune system matters too, especially when the infection arose because the body was already run down – a particular concern in cats with chronic conditions. The veterinarian may recommend additional dietary supplements that support immunity and improve general health. Throughout treatment it is important to monitor progress regularly and adjust the therapy where necessary. If the infection proves stubborn, the vet may order further tests to establish why it is resisting treatment. Keeping the cat’s surroundings properly clean is equally important in preventing the infection from returning.
Summary
Candidiasis in cats is a serious health problem that can lead to numerous complications if it is not diagnosed early and treated properly. Knowing the symptoms, the causes and the ways infection can occur is essential for owners, as it allows them to keep a close eye on their pet’s health and act on the first warning signs. Working with a veterinarian and attending regular check-ups can greatly improve a cat’s quality of life and keep the risk of recurrence to a minimum. Whatever challenges candidiasis brings, as owners we should stay alert and ready to take the steps that will keep our furry friends comfortable and well.